Satellite Launcher (Launch Vehicle) Kya Hai? Janiye Iska Classification Aur Itihas
Dosto, jaise hume kisi bhaari samaan ko ek jagah se doosri jagah bhejne ke liye ek gaadi ya truck ki zaroorat hoti hai, bilkul vaise hi kisi heavy satellite ko dharti se hawa mein uda kar space (antariksha) mein set karne ke liye ek taqatwar vehicle ki zaroorat hoti hai. Is special gaadi ko hi hum Launch Vehicle ya Satellite Launcher kehte hain. Aaj hum asani se samjhenge ki ye rockets kaam kaise karte hain aur inki capsity kitni hoti hai.
Launch Vehicle Kya Hai? (Definition)
Spaceflight ki duniya mein, Launch Vehicle ek rocket-powered vehicle (rocket ki taqat se chalne wali gaadi) hota है, jiska mukhya kaam kisi payload (satellite ya spacecraft) ko Earth ke atmosphere (vaayamandal) ke baahar nikal kar space orbit mein safely pahunchana hota hai.
Duniya Ka Pehla Rocket Aur Rochak Itihas
4 October 1957 ko jab Soviet Union ne duniya ka pehla artificial satellite Sputnik 1 space mein bheja, toh poori duniya dang reh gayi thi. Is satellite ko space mein le jaane wale duniya ke sabse pehle launch vehicle ka naam Sputnik 11A59 Rocket tha.
Yeh rocket lagbhag 267 tons bhaari tha aur iska liftoff thrust 3.89 MN tha, jo is adbhut machine ko dharti ke gurutvakarshan (gravity) se baahar kheench le gya tha.
Launch Vehicles Ka Classification (Wajan Ke Hisaab Se):
Google AdSense policy ke hisaab se humne is data ko ek dum saaf tables aur design mein convert kar diya hai. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) mein wajan le jaane ki shamta ke mutabik inhein 4 parts mein baanta jata hai:
🚀 1. Small-Lift Launch Vehicle: Yeh 2,000 kg se kam wajan utha sakte hain. (e.g., European Space Agency ka Vega rocket ya mini SS-520 sounding rocket).
🚀 2. Medium-Lift Launch Vehicle: Yeh 2,000 kg se 20,000 kg tak wajan utha sakte hain. (e.g., Russia ka mukhya Soyuz ST rocket).
🚀 3. Heavy-Lift Launch Vehicle: Yeh 20,000 kg se 50,000 kg tak heavy payloads le ja sakte hain. (e.g., Ariane 5 rocket).
🚀 4. Super Heavy-Lift Vehicle: Yeh 50,000 kg se bhi zyada ka vishal wajan space mein bhej sakte hain. (e.g., NASA ka itihasik Saturn V rocket ya SpaceX ka Starship).
Modern Technical Update: Expendable vs Reusable Rockets
Pehle ke samay mein jo rockets use hote the, unhein Expendable Launch Vehicles (ELV) kaha jata tha. Yaani woh sirf ek baar udte the aur satellite ko space mein chhodne ke baad unka bacha hua malba samundar mein gir jata tha ya space junk ban jata tha. Isse har mission bohot mehenga hota tha.
Lekin aaj ke daur mein **Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLV)** ka jalwa hai. Jaise SpaceX ka Falcon 9 rocket satellite chhodne ke baad wapas dharti par vertical land kar jata hai, jisse un rockets ko dobara use kiya ja sake aur space missions saste ho sakein.
Mukhya Desh Aur Unke Prasiddh Satellite Launchers:
- BHARAT (ISRO): SLV-3, ASLV, PSLV (Bharat ka workhorse), aur GSLV Mk III.
- CHINA (CNSA): Feng Bao-1, Kaituozhe-1, aur unki mukhya Long March Family.
- EUROPE (ESA): Ariane series aur Vega rockets.
- AMERICA (NASA / SpaceX): Saturn V, Space Shuttle, Falcon 9, aur SLS Block 1.
💡 Agar aapne hamara pichla article nahi padha hai toh abhi read karein: Satellite Kya Hai Aur Yeh Kaise Kaam Karta Hai?
🚀 SATELLITE LAUNCHER QUIZ 🪐
Check your understanding about rocket launchers and space vehicles!
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Has laoreet percipitur ad. Vide interesset in mei, no his legimus verterem. Et nostrum imperdiet appellantur usu, mnesarchum referrentur id vim.
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