International Space Station (ISS) Kya Hai? Janiye Iska Itihas Aur Rochak Facts
Dosto, antariksha ki duniya mein insaanon ne kai naye kaarname kiye hain, lekin unme se sabse bada aur adbhut chamatkar hai International Space Station (ISS). Yeh space mein ghoomti hui ek aisi anokhi jagah hai jahan alag-alag deshon ke astronauts rehkar science experiments karte hain. Chaliye bilkul saral bhasha mein samajhte hain ki space station kya hota hai, ye kaise kaam karta hai aur iske pache ka itihas kya hai.
Space Station Kya Hota Hai?
Space station ko Orbital Station bhi kaha jata hai. Yeh space mein sthit ek man-made (insaan dwara banaya gaya) platform hai, jahan sabhi basic facilities maujood hoti hain taaki scientists space mein lambe samay tak bina kisi pareshani ke reh sakein. Yeh dharti ki sabse nichli kaksha (Low Earth Orbit - LEO) mein lagbhag 408 KM (250 miles) ki unchai par ghoomta hai. Yahan se hamari dharti par nazar rakhi jaati hai aur brahmand ke anokhe rahasyo ko dhoondha jata hai.
ISS Ka Itihas Aur Launchिंग Process
International Space Station itna bada hai ki use ek baar mein pure rocket se space mein nahi bheja ja sakta tha. Isiliye, ise alag-alag tukdon (modules) mein banakar space mein bheja gya aur wahan aapas mein joda gya.
- Pehla Kadam (20 November 1998): Russia ne iska sabse pehla control module Zarya launch kiya tha.
- America Ka Sahyog: Iske thik do hafte baad America ne space shuttle se Unity Module ko bheja aur use Zarya se jod diya.
- Habitation Module (Zvezda): Iske baad Russian module Zvezda ko joda gya jisme sleeping quarters, kitchen, toilet, oxygen generators aur data communication set up kiya gya, jisse insaanon ka rehna shuru ho saka.
2 November 2000 ko ISS par pehle long-term residents (astronauts) rehne aaye the, aur tabse lekar aaj tak yahan lagatar insaan bina rukawat ke reh rahe hain.
ISS Ke Mukhya Parts (Structure):
ISS kai sanyukt modules se bana hai jise duniya ki 5 badi space agencies—NASA (USA), Roscosmos (Russia), ESA (Europe), JAXA (Japan), aur CSA (Canada) ne milkar chalaya hai:
- Unity Module (Node 1): US dwara banaya pehla module jahan crew members milkar khana khate hain.
- Destiny Lab: Yeh US ki mukhya scientific laboratory hai jahan saare badhe payloads test hote hain.
- Harmony (Node 2): Ise ISS ka utility hub kehte hain jo Europe, US aur Japan ke labs ko aapas mein jodta hai.
- Cupola Observatory: Yeh ESA dwara banaya gya 7 khidkiyon (windows) wala ek dome structure hai, jahan se baahar ka adbhut nazaara dikhta hai aur dharti ki mapping hoti hai.
ISS Ke Hairan Karne Wale Rochak Facts:
| Parameter | Details Facts |
|---|---|
| Size (Akaar) | Length: 108.5m | Width: 72.8m | Weight: 420 Tonnes |
| Speed (Raftaar) | 17,500 miles/hour (Dharti ka 1 chakkar sirf 90 mins mein) |
| Sunrise / Sunset | Yeh din mein 16 baar ghoomta hai, isiliye astronauts 16 baar sunrise dekhte hain. |
| Living Capacity | Isme 5 bedrooms hain jahan 6 log bohot aaram se reh sakte hain. |
Duniya Ke Anyay Space Stations:
ISS ke alawa bhi duniya mein kai space stations launch kiye gaye hain:
- Salyut 1 (1971): Russia dwara launch kiya gya duniya ka pehla space station.
- Skylab (1973): America ka pehla swatantra (independent) space station.
- Tiangong Program (China): China ne apna khud ka fully operational space station **Tiangong** safalta-purvak orbit mein set kar liya hai.
- Bharat Ka Mission (Future): ISRO ne bhi plan banaya hai ki aane wale saalon mein Bharat ka apna 20 tonnes ka chhota space station hoga, jahan 4-5 astronauts reh sakenge.
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